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(Western) (Eastern) |date = (Western) (Eastern) |date = (Western) (Eastern) |observances = Prayer, all-night vigil, sunrise service |celebrations = Church services, festive family meals, Easter egg decoration, and gift-giving |significance = Celebrates the resurrection of Jesus |relatedto = Passover, of which it is regarded the Christian fulfillment; Septuagesima, Sexagesima, Quinquagesima, Shrove Tuesday, Ash Wednesday, Clean Monday, Lent, Great Lent, Palm Sunday, Holy Week, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, and Holy Saturday which lead up to Easter; and Thomas Sunday, Ascension, Pentecost, Trinity Sunday, and Corpus Christi which follow it. }} Easter〔Traditional names for the feast in English are "Easter Day", as in the ''Book of Common Prayer'', "Easter Sunday", used by James Ussher ((''The Whole Works of the Most Rev. James Ussher, Volume 4'' )) and Samuel Pepys ((''The Diary of Samuel Pepys, Volume 2'' )) and plain "Easter", as in books printed in (1575 ), (1584 ), (1586 )〕 (Old English usually ; also ; and '),〔K. Brunner, ''Altenglische Grammatik'', 3. Aufl., § 278. Anm. 3, cited in (''Die Sprache'', vol. 30 (Vienna, 1984), p. 61 )〕 also called Pasch (derived, through (ラテン語:Pascha) and Greek ''Paskha'', from , cognate to (ヘブライ語:פֶּסַח) ''Pesaḥ'')〔In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Greek word ''Pascha'' is used for the celebration; in English, the analogous word is Pasch.〕〔(Lauren Pristas, ''Collects of the Roman Missals'' (A&C Black 2013 ISBN 978-0-56703384-0), p. 202 )〕 or Resurrection Sunday, is a festival and holiday celebrating the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, described in the New Testament as having occurred on the third day of his burial after his crucifixion by Romans at Calvary 30 AD. It is the culmination of the Passion of Christ, preceded by Lent (or Great Lent), a forty-day period of fasting, prayer, and penance. The week before Easter is called Holy Week, and it contains the days of the Easter Triduum, including Maundy Thursday, commemorating the Maundy and Last Supper, as well as Good Friday, commemorating the crucifixion and death of Jesus. In western Christianity, Eastertide, the Easter Season, begins on Easter Sunday and lasts seven weeks, ending with the coming of the fiftieth day, Pentecost Sunday. In Orthodoxy, the season of Pascha begins on Pascha and ends with the coming of the fortieth day, the Feast of the Ascension. Easter and the holidays that are related to it are ''moveable feasts'' in that they do not fall on a fixed date in the Gregorian or Julian calendars which follow only the cycle of the sun; rather, its date is determined on a lunisolar calendar similar to the Hebrew calendar. The First Council of Nicaea (325) established two rules, independence of the Jewish calendar and worldwide uniformity, which were the only rules for Easter explicitly laid down by the council. No details for the computation were specified; these were worked out in practice, a process that took centuries and generated a number of controversies. It has come to be the first Sunday after the full moon that occurs on or soonest after 21 March,〔(Frequently asked questions about the date of Easter )〕 but calculations vary in East and West. Details of this complicated computation are found below in the section Date. Easter is linked to the Jewish Passover by much of its symbolism, as well as by its position in the calendar. In many languages, the words for "Easter" and "Passover" are identical or very similar. Easter customs vary across the Christian world, and include sunrise services, exclaiming the Paschal greeting, clipping the church, and decorating Easter eggs, a symbol of the empty tomb. The Easter lily, a symbol of the resurrection, traditionally decorates the chancel area of churches on this day and for the rest of Eastertide. Additional customs that have become associated with Easter and are observed by both Christians and some non-Christians include egg hunting, the Easter Bunny, and Easter parades.〔 〕〔 〕〔 〕 There are also various traditional Easter foods that vary regionally. ==Etymology== (詳細はcognate with modern German ''Ostern'', developed from an Old English word that usually appears in the form ''Ēastrun'', ''-on'', or ''-an''; but also as ''Ēastru'', ''-o''; and ''Ēastre'' or ''Ēostre''. The most widely accepted theory of the origin of the term is that it is derived from the name of a goddess mentioned by the 7th to 8th-century English monk Bede, who wrote that ''Ēosturmōnaþ'' (Old English 'Month of Ēostre', translated in Bede's time as "Paschal month") was an English month, corresponding to April, which he says "was once called after a goddess of theirs named Ēostre, in whose honour feasts were celebrated in that month".〔(Bede, ''The Reckoning of Time'', translated by Faith Wallis (Liverpool University Press 1999 ISBN 978-0-85323693-1), p. 54 )〕 In Greek and Latin, the Christian celebration was and is called Πάσχα, ''Pascha'', a word derived from Aramaic פסחא, cognate to Hebrew פֶּסַח (''Pesach''). The word originally denoted the Jewish festival, known in English as Passover, commemorating the story of the Exodus. Already in the 50s of the 1st century, Paul, writing from Ephesus to the Christians in Corinth, applied the term to Christ, and it is unlikely that the Ephesian and Corinthian Christians were the first to hear Exodus 12 interpreted as speaking about the death of Jesus, not just about the Jewish Passover ritual. In most of the non-English speaking world, the feast is known by names derived from Greek and Latin ''Pascha''.〔〔 Pascha is also a name by which Jesus himself is remembered in the Orthodox Church, especially in connection with his resurrection and with the season of its celebration.〔Orthros of Holy Pascha, Stichera: "Today the sacred Pascha is revealed to us. The new and holy Pascha, the mystical Pascha. The all-venerable Pascha. The Pascha which is Christ the Redeemer. The spotless Pascha. The great Pascha. The Pascha of the faithful. The Pascha which has opened unto us the gates of Paradise. The Pascha which sanctifies all faithful."〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Easter」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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